Metrology Articles


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Three Point Bore Gauge

A 3 point bore gauge is a precision measuring instrument used to measure the internal diameter or bore of a hole or cylinder with high accuracy. It works by using three contact points that touch the inside surface of the bore. These contact points are arranged in a triangular pattern to ensure a stable measurement and to minimize any effects from surface irregularities or imperfections.
1. Measuring Head: The part of the gauge that contains the three contact points. These are typically made of hardened steel or ceramic for durability and wear resistance.
2. Measuring Rod or Stem: This is the part that connects the measuring head to the handle or mechanism for adjusting and locking the measurement.
3. Dial Indicator or Digital Readout: Many three point bore gauges come equipped with a dial or digital indicator .

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Three and Two Point Bore Gauge

A Three-Point and Two-Point Bore Gauge are precision instruments used for measuring the internal diameter (bore) of holes or cylindrical features. They provide highly accurate measurements and are often used in industries like automotive, aerospace, and manufacturing to ensure parts meet specified tolerances.
1. Three Point Bore Gauge
Design: Has three contact points spaced evenly
Use: Ideal for measuring internal diameters with high precision and self-centering capability.
2. Two-Point Bore Gauge
Design:Uses two contact points, typically spring-loaded, and a dial indicator.
Use: Requires a bit more skill to center and rock the gauge to find the minimum reading (true diameter).

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Deep Bore Gauge

A deep bore gauge is a specialized tool used to measure the internal diameter or size of a hole or bore, especially when the hole is deep or hard to access with traditional measuring instruments. These gauges are designed to provide accurate measurements in deep holes where standard calipers or micrometers may not reach.
Key Features: 1. Long Measuring Rod: The gauge typically includes an extended rod that can reach deep into the bore to take measurements at different points.
2. Dial Indicator or Digital Readout: These gauges often use a dial indicator or a digital readout system to show the measurement, providing high precision.
3. Precision Measurement: Deep bore gauges are designed to measure with high accuracy, often down to thousandths of an inch or microns.

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Plug Gauge

A plug gauge (also known as a go/no-go gauge) is a precision inspection tool used to check the dimensional accuracy of holes or bores in manufactured parts. It determines whether the diameter of a hole is within specified tolerance limits.
Types of Plug Gauges:
1. Go/No-Go Plug Gauge:
* Go end: Should fit smoothly into the hole if it's within tolerance.
* No-Go end: Should not fit if the hole is within tolerance.
2. Taper Plug Gauge:
* Checks the taper and straightness of tapered holes.
3. Thread Plug Gauge:
* Used to inspect internal threads (Go/No-Go ends for threads).
4. Plain Plug Gauge:
* Used for non-threaded holes.
Materials:
* Usually made from hardened tool steel or carbide for high durability and wear resistance.

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Electronics Bore Gauge

An Electronics Bore Gauge (also known as an electronic bore gauge or digital bore gauge) is a precision measuring instrument used to measure the internal diameter of holes, cylinders, or pipes with high accuracy. It combines mechanical contact points with a digital or electronic readout to provide direct and precise measurements.
Key Features:
* Measuring Heads / Probes : These make contact with the bore surface.
* Digital Indicator / Electronic Display : Shows the measured value, typically in mm or inches.
* Extension Rods / Spacers : Allow measurement of different bore sizes.
* Transducer or Linear Encoder : Converts linear displacement into electronic signals.
* Anvils or Contact Points : Interchangeable parts to match the bore diameter.
Types of Electronics Bore Gauges:
1. 2-Point Bore Gauge : Measures two opposing points, good for roundness check.
2. 3-Point Bore Gauge : More accurate for diameter and concentricity.
3. Inductive / Digital Transducer Types : Often used in high-precision workshops or labs.
4. Wireless Bluetooth Bore Gauges : For modern digital data capture & SPC integration.

Bore Gauge

A bore gauge is a precision measuring tool used to measure the inside diameter (ID) of holes, cylinders, or pipes. It is commonly used in machining, automotive, and engineering industries to ensure that bored holes are within tolerance.
Types of Bore Gauges :
1. Telescoping Bore Gauge
* Requires a micrometer for measurement.
* Inserted into the bore, expanded to touch the walls, then locked and measured.
2. Dial Bore Gauge
* Most common type.
* Uses a dial indicator to display the difference in measurement.
* Requires a reference setting (like a micrometer or master ring gauge).
3. Digital Bore Gauge
* Electronic display for precise digital readouts.
* May include data logging or output for quality control.
4. Small Hole Gauge
* Measures smaller bores (e.g., 3mm 13mm).
* Used with a micrometer to get readings.
How to Use a Dial Bore Gauge (basic steps):
1. Set Zero: Use a micrometer or ring gauge to set the zero reference.
2. Insert into Bore: Gently insert the gauge into the bore.
3. Rock to Center: Rock the gauge back and forth to find the smallest reading this is the true diameter.
4. Read Measurement: The dial shows how much the bore size deviates from the reference.

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Taper Measurement Gauge

A taper measurement gauge is a precision tool used to measure the taper angle or taper dimensions of a part, such as a shaft or hole. Taper refers to a gradual decrease (or increase) in diameter over a length, commonly used in machine parts for alignment and fit.
Types of Taper Gauges
1. Taper Plug Gauge:* Used to check internal tapers (like tapered holes).
* Has a known taper, such as Morse or Jacobs taper.
* Inserted into the tapered hole to check fit or alignment.
2. Taper Ring Gauge :
* Used to check external tapers (like tapered shafts).
* A part with a known internal taper that fits over the external taper of the workpiece.
3. Taper Gauge (Feeler Type) :
* Thin wedge-shaped blade with marked graduations.
* Used for measuring narrow gaps and tapers in confined spaces.
* Often used in metalworking and automotive applications.
4. Precision Taper Measuring Instruments:
* Digital or dial-based tools designed for high-accuracy taper measurement.
* May include angle measurement capabilities or coordinate measuring machine (CMM) support.
5. Optical Taper Measuring System :
* Uses optical methods (like a profile projector) to measure the taper angle accurately.

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Spline Measurement Gauge

A Spline Measurement Gauge is a specialized tool used to measure the geometry and features of splines, which are mechanical components often found on shafts or hubs. Splines are a series of ridges or teeth that mesh with grooves in a mating piece and are used to transfer torque.
Types of Spline Gauges
1. Go/No-Go Plug Gauges (for internal splines)
* Used to check if the spline hole is within tolerance.
* Simple pass/fail test.
2. Ring Gauges (for external splines)
* Used to check external spline shafts.
* Ensure proper fit with mating internal spline.
3. Spline Micrometers
* Measure across the teeth of splines for pitch diameter.
4. Profile Projectors or CMMs
* For detailed 2D or 3D inspection.
* Measure involute forms, helix angles, and root/crest geometry.
5. Master Gears or Master Plugs
* Used as a reference standard in production or calibration.

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O Ring Groove Measurement Gauge

An O Ring Groove Measurement Gauge is a specialized tool used to inspect and verify the dimensions of grooves designed to hold O-rings in sealing applications. These grooves are typically found in hydraulic, pneumatic, and mechanical assemblies, and their dimensions are critical to ensure proper sealing and prevent leaks.
Purpose of the Gauge
* Ensure the groove width, depth, and diameter meet design specifications.
* Prevent under/oversizing, which can lead to seal failure.
* Ensure the correct compression and clearance for the O-ring.
Types of O-Ring Groove Gauges
Go/No-Go Gauges Simple pass/fail check of width/depth tolerances.
Caliper or Micrometer-Based For precise manual measurement of groove width and depth.
Custom Profile Gauges Tailored to specific O-ring profiles (especially in non-standard grooves).
Digital Depth Gauges Accurate depth reading for the groove.
Optical or Vision GaugesFor non-contact, high-precision and fast inspection.
CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine)For 3D measurement in high-accuracy applications.

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Deep Hole Measurement

Deep hole measurement refers to the process of measuring the depth or internal dimensions of holes that are deeper than standard tools (like calipers or regular depth gauges) can easily measure. This is common in machining, engineering, mold making, and quality control processes.
Common Methods
1. Depth Micrometer
* Precise tool for measuring the depth of deep bores or holes.
* Has interchangeable rods for different depths (typically up to 300 mm or more).
2. Dial Depth Gauge
* Mechanical or digital readout.
* Good for consistent measurements where high precision isn't required.
3. Bore Gauge with Extension Rods
* Measures internal diameters at various depths using extensions.
* Often used with dial indicators or digital readouts.
4. Inside Micrometers with Extension Tubes
* Suitable for measuring internal diameters of deep holes.
* High precision, but requires skill to use accurately.
5. Depth Probes with CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine)
* Very precise, often used in high-accuracy industrial settings.
* Can measure complex geometries inside deep bores.

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Thread Measurement System

The Thread Measurement System refers to the standards and methods used to measure the size, pitch, and other specifications of threaded fasteners such as screws, bolts, and nuts. There are several systems used globally, and understanding them is essential for selecting compatible parts in manufacturing, engineering, and construction.
Main Thread Measurement Systems
1. Imperial (Unified Thread Standard - UTS)
2. Metric Thread System (ISO)
3. British Thread Standards
4. Thread Measurement Tools
5. Key Parameters

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Ball Screw Thread Measurement

Measuring the thread of a ball screw involves determining several critical dimensions to ensure proper compatibility and performance. Here's a breakdown of the key thread measurements and how to take them:
Key Parameters of a Ball Screw Thread
1. Lead (L)
2. Pitch (P)
3. Thread Diameter
4. Ball Circle Diameter (BCD)
5. Thread Angle
6. Thread Depth and Shape
Tools Required
* Calipers or Micrometer to measure major and minor diameters.
* Thread Pitch Gauge to measure pitch.
* Optical comparator or profile projector to verify groove shape (if needed).
* Travel Dial Indicator to check lead by rotating screw and measuring nut travel.

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Spherical Diameter Measurement

Spherical Diameter Measurement refers to the process of determining the diameter of a spherical object, which is the straight-line distance through its center, from one point on the surface to the opposite point. Here are common methods used for measuring the diameter of a sphere, depending on the context and precision needed:
1. Vernier Caliper or Micrometer
2. Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM)
3. Optical Methods
4. Pi Tape (Circumferential Tape)
5. 3D Scanning

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Slot Measurement Gauge

A Slot Measurement Gauge is a precision tool used to measure the width, depth, or spacing of slots or gaps in mechanical components, particularly in manufacturing, machining, automotive, and electrical applications.
Types of Slot Measurement Gauges:
1. Feeler Gauge (Thickness Gauge) * Comprises a set of thin metal blades of various thicknesses.
2. Slot Width Gauge (Go/No-Go Gauge) * Custom gauge used to check whether a slot falls within specified dimensional tolerances.
3. Vernier Calipers / Digital Calipers * Can be used with a depth rod or jaws to measure the width and depth of a slot precisely.
4. Depth Micrometer * Measures the depth of slots with high accuracy, especially in tooling and mold making.
5. Taper Gauge (Wedge Gauge) * Apered blade used for measuring narrow slots or spaces where regular calipers can not reach.
6. Wire Gauge (Pin Gauge or Plug Gauge) * Cylindrical pins of precise diameters used to measure slot widths or holes.

What is a Special Application?

Sangha are pioneers in special application gauges, which are ideal for non-standard and difficult to reach measurements. Special applications can include taper gauges, o-ring grooves, deep holes, splines, threads, chamfers and ball nut screws to name a few. Sangha can custom build gauges to suit most measuring requirements. Our gauges are adaptable to different environments, for example a special Deep Bore Hole Gauge can be extended to 25 metres or above simply and cost effectively. Our special applications have been tried and tested worldwide and our gauges are robust enough to use in the most challenging of environments.